Chaining if done CORRECTLY is ok. Needs to be an axle, need the right size chain for the dog, smaller for female, larger for big male etc. Needs a swivel at both ends of the chain, and one in the middle, needs an O ring on the collar and you need either 2 narrow collars or 1 wide collar on the dog.
You must have shade, a water bucket they cannot turn over and clean food bowls. A nice dry doghouse with hay or the like in it, OFF the ground several inches.
Rake the chain spot daily and check for rub marks on the dog. I have several on a chain, but I also have covered kennels for when it is really bad weather as well. I also have zip cable lines between big oak trees for a change in scenery. Plus I rotate the outside dogs inside with my inside ones as well. I have 7 APBTs total.
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He is your friend, your partner, your defender, your dog.
You are his life, his leader, his love.
He will be yours, faithful and true, to the last beat of his heart.
You owe it to him to be worthy of such devotion.
UNKNOWN